Nickel Alloys

Nickel 200 and Nickel 201 are solid solution strengthened, commercially pure wrought materials. Typically, the elemental restrictions of both alloys are combined into one, dual-certified chemistry resulting in a single alloy with the desired characteristics of both alloys. Applications where Nickel 200/201 can be used include chemical processing and storage, synthetic fiber production, and processes where sodium hydroxide and fluorine is used. Other applications include aerospace and defense as well as food processing. Nickel 200/201 has exceptional resistance to caustic alkalies at various temperatures and concentrations.

Chemical Composition %
Ni .............99.0 Min.
Si ................0.35 Max.
Fe ..............0.40 Max.
Cu ..............0.25 Max.
C ...............0.15 Max.
S .................0.01 Max.
Mn.............0.35 Max.

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Stainless steels are known as high-alloy steels. These steels contain good corrosion resistance in comparison with other steels because they contain larger amounts of chromium.

Stainless steels are available in three different groups based on their crystalline structure. These groups include martensitic, austenitic and ferritic. The combination of martensitic and ferritic steels forms a fourth group of stainless steels known as precipitation-hardened steels.

Stainless steel-grade 13-8 is an age hardenable, precipitation stainless steel. This steel has good resistance to stress and general corrosion cracking, high transverse toughness and high strength obtained by a single low temperature heat treatment.

The following datasheet provides an overview of stainless steel-grade13-8.

Chemical Composition

The chemical composition of stainless steel-grade13-8 is outlined in the following table.

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Applications Superior resistance to hydrochloric acid, aluminum chloride catalysts and other strongly reducing chemicals. Excellent high-temperature strength in inert and vacuum atmospheres. Hastelloy B2 is a nickel-molybdenum alloy particularly suited for equipment handling reducing chemical environments . Applications in the chemical process industry involving sulfuric, phosphoric, hydrochloric and acetic acid. Temperature uses vary from ambient temperature to 1500F depending on the environments (please call for technical advice). Chemistry Chemical Requirements Ni Mo Fe Cr C Si Mn Max Bal. 30.0 2.0 1.0 0.02 0.10 1.0 Min 26.0 SIZE 6MM TO 200MM DIA ROUND BAR. SIZE 1MM TO 100MM THICKNESS PLATE. SIZE 6MM TO 350MM OD PIPE . SIZE 0.5MM TO 6MM DIA WIRE. .AVAILABLE IN STOCK.

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INCOLOY® alloy A-286 (UNS S66286/W. Nr. 1.4980) is an iron-nickel-chromium alloy with additions of molybdenum and titanium. It is agehardenable for high mechanical properties. The alloy maintains good strength and oxidation resistance at temperatures up to about 1300°F (700°C). The limiting chemical composition is given in Table 1. The alloy is austenitic in all metallurgical conditions. The high strength and excellent fabrication characteristics of INCOLOY alloy A-286 make the alloy useful for various components of aircraft and industrial gas turbines. It is also used for fastener applications in automotive engine and manifold components subject to high levels of heat and stress and in the offshore oil and gas industry.

Table 1 - Limiting Chemical Composition, % Nickel.........................................................................24.0-27.0
Iron .............................................................................Balance* Chromium..................................................................13.5-16.0 Titanium.....................................................................1.90-2.35 Molybdenum..................................................................1.0-1.5 Vanadium...................................................................0.10-0.50
Carbon ......................................................................0.08 max.
Manganese .................................................................2.0 max.
Silicon .........................................................................1.0 max. Aluminum..................................................................0.35 max. Sulfur.......................................................................0.030 max. Boron.......................................................................0.001-0.01

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NIMONIC® alloy 75 (UNS N06075/W.Nr. 2.4951 & 2.4630) is an 80/20 nickel-chromium alloy with controlled additions of titanium and carbon. First introduced in the 1940s for turbine blades in the prototype Whittle jet engines, it is now mostly used for sheet applications calling for oxidation and scaling resistance coupled with medium strength at high operating temperatures. It is still used in gas turbine engineering and also for industrial thermal processing, furnace components and heat-treatment equipment. It is readily fabricated and welded. Some physical properties for NIMONIC alloy 75 are given in Tables 2-4. Thermal expansion data in Table 3 were determined on fully heat-treated material. The data are subject to a variation of approximately ±5% according to processing variables. The dynamic modulus data in Table 4 were obtained from fully heattreated cylindrical specimens vibrated in the flexural mode. The recommended heat treatments are quoted in the Heat Treatment section of this bulletin. Physical Properties Table 1 - Limiting
Chemical Composition, % (as in BS HR 203)
Carbon ........................................................................0.08-0.15 Chromium....................................................................18.0-21.0 Copper..........................................................................0.5 max. Iron................................................................................5.0 max.
Manganese ...................................................................1.0 max.
Silicon ...........................................................................1.0 max. Titanium...........................................................................0.2-0.6 Nickel............................................................................Balance*

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Waspaloy (UNS N07001/W. Nr. 2.4654) is a nickelbase, age hardenable superalloy with excellent hightemperature strength and good corrosion resistance, notably to oxidation, at service temperatures up to 1200°F (650°C) for critical rotating applications, and up to 1600°F (870°C) for other, less demanding, applications. The alloy’s high-temperature strength is derived from its solid solution strengthening elements, molybdenum, cobalt and chromium, and its agehardening elements, aluminum and titanium. Its strength and stability ranges are higher than those typically available for alloy 718.

Chemical Compositions , %b
Chromium................................................................18.00-21.00 Boron.........................................................................0.003-0.01
Zirconium ....................................................................0.02-0.12
Aluminum ....................................................................1.20-1.60 Titanium.......................................................................2.75-3.25
Molybdenum ...............................................................3.50-5.00 Cobalt......................................................................12.00-15.00 Copper........................................................................0.50 max. Iron..............................................................................2.00 max.
Sulfur ........................................................................0.030 max.
Silicon ........................................................................0.75 max.
Manganese .................................................................1.00 max.
Carbon ...............................................................0.02-0.10 max.
Phosphorus ..............................................................0.030 max. Nickel............................................................................Balancec

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INCONEL® alloy X-750 (UNS N07750/W. Nr. 2.4669) is a precipitation-hardenable nickel-chromium alloy used for its corrosion and oxidation resistance and high strength at temperatures to 1300°F. Although much of the effect of precipitation hardening is lost with increasing temperature over 1300°F, heat-treated material has useful strength up to 1800°F. Alloy X-750 also has excellent properties down to cryogenic termperatures. Composition is shown in Table 1. The economics of INCONEL alloy X-750 coupled with its availability in all standard mill forms has resulted in applications in a wide variety of industrial fields. In gas turbines, it is used for rotor blades and wheels, bolts, and other structural members. INCONEL alloy X-750 is used extensively in rocket-engine thrust chambers. Airframe applications include thrust reversers and hot-air ducting systems. Large pressure vessels are formed from INCONEL alloy X-750. Other applications are heat-treating fixtures, forming tools, extrusion dies, and test machine grips. For springs and fasteners, INCONEL alloy X-750 is used from sub-zero to 1200°F.

Chemical Composition, %
Nickel (plus Cobalt)....................................................70.00 min. Chromium...................................................................14.0-17.0 Iron..................................................................................5.0-9.0 Titanium.......................................................................2.25-2.75 Aluminum....................................................................0.40-1.00
Niobium (plus Tantalum)..............................................0.70-1.20 Manganese.................................................................1.00 max. Silicon.........................................................................0.50 max. Sulfur...........................................................................0.01 max. Copper........................................................................0.50 max. Carbon........................................................................0.08 max.
Cobalt .........................................................................1.00 max

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INCOLOY™ 901GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INCOLOY™ 901

With a high creep and rupture strength to 1400°F (760°C), Incoloy™ 901is a nickel-iron-chromium alloy ideally suited for gas turbine and aircraft applications. Because of its high nickel content, it can be joined with ferritic alloy steels without thermal expansion provisions.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF INCOLOY™ 901

• Carbon 0.05
• Manganese 0.48
• Silicon 0.22
• Chromium 12.8
• Molybdenum 5.7
• Titanium 2.4
• Iron 35
• Nickel 43

HEAT TREATMENT OF INCOLOY™ 901

• Anneal by holding at 2050°F (1121°C) for 2 hours before water quenching
• Age by holding at 1375°F (746°C) for 24 hours before air cooling; expect approximately 0.1% contraction

APPLICATIONS OF INCOLOY™ 901

• Gas turbine parts, including rotor and compressor discs, and structural components
• Aircraft applications

MACHINABILITY OF INCOLOY™ 901

• Use high-speed steel tools and cutting fluid
• Cut at 180 sfpm
• Use cobalt high-speed cutting tools with heavy feeds and slow speeds
• Grind high speed steel roughing tools to 8° side and back rake, 4-6° side clearance, 6-8° end clearance, 15-25° side cutting-edge angle, 1/32” nose radius
• 15-35 sfpm surface cutting speeds with 1/16-1/32” deep cuts and 0.010-0.015 in./rev. feed
• Finishing cuts to 35 sfpm; clorinated and sulfurized cutting oils
• Cemented carbide tools
  • 30 to 60 sfpm
  • 0° to 5° back rake
  • 5° side rake
  • Chemical-active water soluble lubricants or plain soluble oil and water or lubricants

WORKABILITY OF INCOLOY™ 901

• Hot and cold
• Forge between 2050°F (1121°C) and 1850°F (1010°C)
• 1600°F (871°C) minimum temperature for light working without bending or tensile stress
• Avoid exposure to sources of sulfur and sulfurous atmospheres

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INCONEL® alloy 617 (UNS N06617/W.Nr. 2.4663a) is a solid-solution, strengthened, nickel-chromium-cobaltmolybdenum alloy with an exceptional combination of high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance. The alloy also has excellent resistance to a wide range of corrosive environments, and it is readily formed and welded by conventional techniques. The limiting chemical composition of INCONEL alloy 617 is listed in Table 1. The high nickel and chromium contents make the alloy resistant to a variety of both reducing and oxidizing media. The aluminum, in conjunction with the chromium, provides oxidation resistance at high temperatures. Solid-solution strengthening is imparted by the cobalt and molybdenum. The combination of high strength and oxidation resistance at temperatures over 1800°F (980°C) makes INCONEL alloy 617 an attractive material for such components as ducting, combustion cans, and transition liners in both aircraft and land-based gas turbines. Because of its resistance to high-temperature corrosion, the alloy is used for catalyst-grid supports in the production of nitric acid, for heat-treating baskets, and for reduction boats in the refining of molybdenum. INCONEL alloy 617 also offers attractive properties for components of power-generating plants, both fossilfueled and nuclear.

Chemical Composition in %
Nickel...........................................................................44.5 min. Chromium....................................................................20.0-24.0 Cobalt..........................................................................10.0-15.0
Molybdenum .................................................................8.0-10.0
Aluminum ........................................................................0.8-1.5
Carbon ........................................................................0.05-0.15 Iron................................................................................3.0 max.
Manganese ...................................................................1.0 max.
Silicon ...........................................................................1.0 max.
Sulfur ........................................................................0.015 max.
Titanium ........................................................................0.6 max. Copper..........................................................................0.5 max.
Boron ........................................................................0.006 max.

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INCOLOY® alloy A-286 (UNS S66286/W. Nr. 1.4980) is an iron-nickel-chromium alloy with additions of molybdenum and titanium. It is agehardenable for high mechanical properties. The alloy maintains good strength and oxidation resistance at temperatures up to about 1300°F (700°C). The limiting chemical composition is given in Table 1. The alloy is austenitic in all metallurgical conditions. The high strength and excellent fabrication characteristics of INCOLOY alloy A-286 make the alloy useful for various components of aircraft and industrial gas turbines. It is also used for fastener applications in automotive engine and manifold components subject to high levels of heat and stress and in the offshore oil and gas industry.

Chemical Composition, %
Nickel.........................................................................24.0-27.0
Iron .............................................................................Balance* Chromium..................................................................13.5-16.0 Titanium.....................................................................1.90-2.35 Molybdenum..................................................................1.0-1.5 Vanadium...................................................................0.10-0.50
Carbon ......................................................................0.08 max.
Manganese .................................................................2.0 max.
Silicon .........................................................................1.0 max. Aluminum..................................................................0.35 max. Sulfur.......................................................................0.030 max. Boron.......................................................................0.001-0.01

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INCOLOY® alloy 925 (UNS N09925) is an agehardenable nickel-iron-chromium alloy with additions of molybdenum, copper, titanium and aluminum. The alloy’s chemical composition, listed in Table 1, is designed to provide a combination of high strength and excellent corrosion resistance. The nickel content is sufficient for protection against chloride-ion stresscorrosion cracking. The nickel, in conjunction with the molybdenum and copper, also gives outstanding resistance to reducing chemicals. The molybdenum aids resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion. The alloy’s chromium content provides resistance to oxidizing environments. The titanium and aluminum additions cause a strengthening reaction during heat treatment. INCOLOY alloy 925 is used in various applications requiring a combination of high strength and corrosion resistance. Because of the alloy’s resistance to sulfide stress cracking and stress-corrosion cracking in “sour” (H2S containing) crude oil and natural gas, it is used for down-hole and surface gaswell components including tubular products, valves, hangers, landing nipples, tool joints and packers. The alloy is also useful for fasteners, marine and pump shafting and high-strength piping systems.

Chemical Composition (UNS N09925) of INCOLOY alloy 925, % Nickel...........................................................................42.0-46.0
Chromium ....................................................................19.5-22.5 Iron...................................................................................22 min
Molybdenum ....................................................................2.5-3.5 Copper.............................................................................1.5-3.0
Titanium ...........................................................................1.9-2.4 Aluminum.........................................................................0.1-0.5
Manganese ...................................................................1.0 max.
Silicon ...........................................................................0.5 max. Niobium.........................................................................0.5 max.
Carbon ........................................................................0.03 max.
Sulfur ..........................................................................0.03 max.

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Inconel 713C offers outstanding resistance to thermal fatigue and good castability while offering exceptional rupture strength at 1700°F (927°C). Inconel 713C is a nickel-chromium alloy that is ideally suited for jet engine gas turbine blades.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF INCONEL™ 713C

• Carbon 0.20
• Manganese 1.0 max
• Sulfur 0.015 max
• Silicon 1.0 max
• Chromium 11.0-14.0
• Molybdenum 3.5-5.5
• Titanium 0.25-1.25
• Aluminum 5.5-6.5
• Iron 5.0 max
• Columbium + Ta 1.0-3.0
• Nickel remainder

APPLICATIONS OF INCONEL™ 713C

• Inconel 713C is most commonly used for jet engine gas turbine blades.

MACHINABILITY OF INCONEL™ 713C

• Machine with single–point cemented tungsten-cobalt grade and tungsten-tantalum-cobalt grade tools or
• High-speed tungsten-cobalt or molybdenum-tungsten-vanadium tools
• Cutting lubricants:
  • Chlorinated, sulfurized fatty mineral oil
  • Rich emulsion of 10 parts water and 1 part soluble oil
• Surface and cylindrical grind with wheels:
  • Aluminum oxide
  • Vitrified bond of medium or soft hardness and medium open structure
  • Use 1 pound of sal soda with 25 gallons of water, or chemically active grinding coolant

WELDABILTIY OF INCONEL™ 713C

• Inconel 713C can be used in applications using very low restraint
• Use Inco-Weld A electrode
• Flash-butt weld
• Inconel 713C is also good for hydrogen-atmosphere brazing with normal high-heat brazing alloy with electroplated mating surfaces.

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Round Bar : GE C50TF68

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF JETHETE M152™

• Carbon 0.15 max
• Chromium 11.0-13.0
• Nickel 2.0-3.0
• Molybdenum 1.5-2.0
• Vanadium 0.20-0.50
• Iron remainder

APPLICATIONS OF JETHETE M152™

• High-heat bolting
• Gas turbine parts

HEAT TREATMENT OF JETHETE M152™

• Jethete M152 can be annealed by heating to 1292°F (700°C), then air cooling
• To harden Jethete M152
  • Heat to 1922°F (1050°C)
  • Air quench
  • Temper at 932° to 1292°F (500° to 700°C)

MACHINABILITY OF JETHETE M152™

• Fair rating – approximately 54% of AISI B1112 Besemer screw stock
• Easier machining than Type 18-8 stainless
• Maintain constant feeds and speeds
• Rigid tools and holders
• Turning tools – grind with side rake of 8-15°
• Drilling point 140°
• Grind threading tools with 10-15° back rake
• Cobalt high-speed steel tools
  • Turning: 85-115 sfpm
  • Drilling: 35-75 sfpm
  • Milling: 70-115sfpm
  • Reaming: 20-60 sfpm
• 200-400 sfpm cutting speeds for finishing and roughing with carbide single-point turning tools
• Sulfurized cutting oils recommended

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Material Properties

Base Metal Price25 % rel

Density7.6 g/cm3 (470 lb/ft3)

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus220 GPa (32 x 106 psi)

Elongation at Break40 %

Poisson's Ratio0.28

PREN (Pitting Resistance)17

Specific Heat Capacity460 J/kg-K

Strength to Weight Ratio99 kN-m/kg

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)750 MPa (110 x 103 psi)

Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)400 MPa (58 x 103 psi)

Thermal Expansion13 µm/m-K

Alloy Composition

Iron (Fe)59.1 to 65.4 %

Chromium (Cr)16 to 18 %

Nickel (Ni)8.0 to 9.0 %

Manganese (Mn)7.0 to 9.0 %

Silicon (Si)3.5 to 4.5 %

Nitrogen (N)0.080 to 0.18 %

Carbon (C)0 to 0.1 %

Phosphorus (P)0 to 0.060 %

Sulfur (S)0 to 0.030 %

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Alloy Steels Maraging 300 is stocked by 8 North American distributors and produced by 8 large mills. Distributors will offer small quantity buys while mills will generally only sell large quantities, with delivery times anywhere from 10 to 50 weeks depending on size and form required

This material is stocked primarily in Bar Products by 8 distributors but is also available to a lesser extent in Flat Rolled Products, Forging Products, and Casting Products.

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Specifications

The following specifications cover Alloy Steels Maraging 300

 

• DIN 1.6354

Property Results

 

Related Metals:

• VascoMax 300(tm)
• NiMark Alloy 300(tm)

 

Chemistry Data : [top]

 

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Chemical Composition Alloy 800 (UNS N08800) Chemical Composition, %

The chemical composition of Alloy 800 is:

Alloy 800H (UNS N08810) Chemical Composition, %

The chemical composition of alloy 800H is:

Alloy 800HT (UNS N08811) Chemical Composition, %

The chemical composition of Alloy 800HT is :

Forms of INCOLOY 800H/800HT

The forms of INCOLOY 800H/800HT are:

• Sheet
• Plate
• Bar
• Pipe & Tube (welded & seamless)
• Fittings (i.e., flanges, slip-ons, blinds, weld-necks, lap joints, long welding necks, socket welds, elbows, tees, stub-ends, returns, caps, crosses, reducers, and pipe nipples)
• Wire.

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INCONEL® nickel-chromium-iron alloy 601 (UNS N06601/W.Nr. 2.4851) is a general-purpose engineering material for applications that require resistance to heat and corrosion. An outstanding characteristic of INCONEL alloy 601 is its resistance to high temperature oxidation. The alloy also has good resistance to aqueous corrosion, has high mechanical strength, and is readily formed, machined and welded. The limiting chemical composition of INCONEL alloy 601 is listed in Table 1. The composition is a facecentered-cubic solid solution with a high degree of metallurgical stability. The alloy's nickel base, in conjunction with substantial chromium content, provides resistance to many corrosive media and high temperature environments. Oxidation resistance is further enhanced by the aluminum content.

CHEMICAL %
Nickel ..........................................................................58.0-63.0 Chromium....................................................................21.0-25.0
Iron ............................................................................Remainder
Aluminum ........................................................................1.0-1.7 Carbon........................................................................0.10 max.
Manganese ...................................................................1.0 max.
Sulfur ........................................................................0.015 max.
Silicon .........................................................................0.50 max. Copper..........................................................................1.0 max.

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INCOLOY® alloy 945X® (UNS N09945) is an age hardenable nickel-iron-chromium alloy with additions of molybdenum, copper, niobium, titanium, and aluminum. The alloy chemical composition, listed in Table 1, is designed to provide a combination of high strength and excellent corrosion resistance. The nickel content is sufficient to provide protection against chloride-ion stress corrosion cracking. The nickel, in conjunction with the molybdenum and copper, also gives outstanding general corrosion resistance to reducing chemicals. The molybdenum aids resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion. The alloy’s high chromium content provides resistance to oxidizing environments. The niobium, titanium and aluminum are added to provide high volume fraction of sub-micron size uniformly distributed Ni3 (NbTiAl)-type gamma prime and Ni3 (TiNbAl)-type gamma double prime precipitates. Their precipitates are responsible for high strength of the alloy by virtue of a dispersion strengthening mechanism. A special precipitation hardening (age hardening) heat treatment is developed to provide required strength. INCOLOY® alloy 945X® is suitable for various applications requiring a combination of high strength and corrosion resistance. Because of the alloy’s resistance to sulfide stress corrosion cracking and stress corrosion cracking in H2 S containing environments, the alloy has been used in oil and natural gas components for down-hole and surface gas-well including SSSV, MWE/LWD tools, liner hangers, packers, components for BOPs and more.
chemical composition (UNS N09945) of INCOLOY® alloy 945X®, wt%.
Nickel 45.0 – 55.0
Chromium 19.5 – 23.0
Iron Balance
Molybdenum 3.0 – 4.0
Niobium 2.5 – 4.5
Copper 1.5 – 3.0
Titanium 0.5 – 2.5
Aluminum 0.01 – 0.7
Manganese 1.0 max
Silicon 0.5 max
Sulfur 0.03 max
Phosphorous 0.03 max
Carbon 0.005 to 0.04

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Stainless steels are known as high-alloy steels. These steels contain good corrosion resistance in comparison with other steels because they contain larger amounts of chromium.

Stainless steels are available in three different groups based on their crystalline structure. These groups include martensitic, austenitic and ferritic. The combination of martensitic and ferritic steels forms a fourth group of stainless steels known as precipitation-hardened steels.

Stainless steel-grade 13-8 is an age hardenable, precipitation stainless steel. This steel has good resistance to stress and general corrosion cracking, high transverse toughness and high strength obtained by a single low temperature heat treatment.

The following datasheet provides an overview of stainless steel-grade13-8.

Chemical Composition

The chemical composition of stainless steel-grade13-8 is outlined in the following table.

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Description

Alloy 42 is a 41% nickel-iron controlled expansion alloy which has been used in a wide variety of glass-to-metal sealing applications.
While the expansion properties of this alloy most closely match 1075 glass, it has also been used in seals for the 0120 and 0010 glasses. It may also be used with hard glasses if a thin edged tubular seal is used. For seals that are not hydrogen annealed prior to sealing, a variation of this alloy containing small additions fo titanium, Glass Sealing 42 Gas-Free, has been used to promote gas-free sealing characteristics.

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• Excellent corrosion resistance in reducing environments
• Exceptional resistance to strong solutions of oxidizing salts, such as ferric and cupric chlorides
• High nickel and molybdenum contents providing good corrosion resistance in reducing environments
• Low carbon content which minimizes grain-boundary carbide precipitation during welding to maintain resistance to corrosion in heat-affected zones of welded joints
• Resistance to localized corrosion such as pitting and stress-corrosion cracking
• One of few materials to withstand the corrosive effects of wet chlorine gas, hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide

Chemical Composition, %

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Nickel alloy K-500 (UNS N05500/ W.Nr. 2.4375) is a nickel-copper alloy which combines the excellent corrosion resistance of MONEL alloy 400 with the added advantages of greater strength and hardness. The increased properties are obtained by adding aluminum and titanium to the nickel-copper base, and by heating under controlled conditions so that submicroscopic particles of Ni3 (Ti, Al) are precipitated throughout the matrix. The thermal processing used to effect precipitation is commonly called age hardening or aging. The composition of the alloy is given in Table 1. Typical applications for MONEL alloy K-500 products are chains and cables, fasteners and springs for marine service; pump and valve components for chemical processing; doctor blades and scrapers for pulp processing in paper production; oil well drill collars and instruments, pump shafts and impellers, non-magnetic housings, safety lifts and valves for oil and gas production; and sensors and other electronic components.

Chemical Composition, %, of Nickel Alloy K-500
Nickel (plus Cobalt) .........................................63.0 min. Carbon.............................................................0.25 max.
Manganese ......................................................1.5 max. Iron..................................................................2.0 max.
Sulfur ...............................................................0.01 max.
Silicon ..............................................................0.5 max.
Copper .............................................................27.0 - 33.0
Aluminum .........................................................2.30 - 3.15
Titanium ..........................................................0.35 - 0.85

Nickel Alloy K-500

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MONEL® nickel-copper alloy 400 (UNS N04400/ W.Nr. 2.4360 and 2.4361) is a solid-solution alloy that can be hardened only by cold working. It has high strength and toughness over a wide temperature range and excellent resistance to many corrosive environments. Composition is shown in Table 1. Alloy 400 is widely used in many fields, especially marine and chemical processing. Typical applications are valves and pumps; pump and propeller shafts; marine fixtures and fasteners; electrical and electronic components; springs; chemical processing equipment; gasoline and fresh water tanks; crude petroleum stills, process vessels and piping; boiler feedwater heaters and other heat exchangers; and deaerating heaters.

Chemical Composition, %, of MONEL Alloy 400
Nickel (plus Cobalt) .....................................................63.0 min. Carbon..........................................................................0.3 max.
Manganese ...................................................................2.0 max. Iron................................................................................2.5 max.
Sulfur ........................................................................0.024 max.
Silicon ...........................................................................0.5 max.
Copper ......................................................................28.0 - 34.0

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MONEL® nickel-copper alloy 400 (UNS N04400/ W.Nr. 2.4360 and 2.4361) is a solid-solution alloy that can be hardened only by cold working. It has high strength and toughness over a wide temperature range and excellent resistance to many corrosive environments. Composition is shown in Table 1. Alloy 400 is widely used in many fields, especially marine and chemical processing. Typical applications are valves and pumps; pump and propeller shafts; marine fixtures and fasteners; electrical and electronic components; springs; chemical processing equipment; gasoline and fresh water tanks; crude petroleum stills, process vessels and piping; boiler feedwater heaters and other heat exchangers; and deaerating heaters.

Chemical Composition, %, of MONEL Alloy 400
Nickel (plus Cobalt) .....................................................63.0 min. Carbon..........................................................................0.3 max.
Manganese ...................................................................2.0 max. Iron................................................................................2.5 max.
Sulfur ........................................................................0.024 max.
Silicon ...........................................................................0.5 max.
Copper ......................................................................28.0 - 34.0

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NIMONIC® alloy 80A (UNS N07080/W. Nr. 2.4952 & 2.4631) is a wrought, age-hardenable nickel-chromium alloy, strengthened by additions of titanium, aluminum and carbon, developed for service at temperatures up to 815°C (1500°F). It is produced by high-frequency melting and casting in air for forms to be extruded. Electroslag refined material is used for forms to be forged. Vacuum refined versions are also available. NIMONIC alloy 80A is currently used for gas turbine components (blades, rings and discs), bolts, nuclear boiler tube supports, die casting.

Chemical Composition, % by Weight
Carbon........................................................................0.10 max. Chromium....................................................................18.0-21.0
Silicon ............................................................................1.0 max Copper..........................................................................0.2 max. Iron................................................................................3.0 max.
Manganese ...................................................................1.0 max. Titanium...........................................................................1.8-2.7
Aluminum ........................................................................1.0-1.8
Cobalt ...........................................................................2.0 max.
Boron ........................................................................0.008 max. Zirconium....................................................................0.15 max. Lead........................................................................0.0025 max.
Sulfur ........................................................................0.015 max. Nickel............................................................................Balance*

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INCONEL® nickel-chromium alloy 625 (UNS N06625/W.Nr. 2.4856) is used for its high strength, excellent fabricability (including joining), and outstanding corrosion resistance. Service temperatures range from cryogenic to 1800°F (982°C). . The properties of INCONEL alloy 625 that make it an excellent choice for sea-water applications are freedom from local attack (pitting and crevice corrosion), high corrosion-fatigue strength, high tensile strength, and resistance to chloride-ion stress-corrosion cracking. It is used as wire rope for mooring cables, propeller blades for motor patrol gunboats, submarine auxiliary propulsion motors, submarine quickdisconnect fittings, exhaust ducts for Navy utility boats, sheathing for undersea communication cables, submarine transducer controls, and steam-line bellows. Potential applications are springs, seals, bellows for submerged controls, electrical cable connectors, fasteners, flexure devices, and oceanographic instrument components.

Table 1 – Limiting Chemical Composition, %
Nickel…………………………………………….…………58.0 min.
Chromium………………………………………..…………20.0-23.0
Iron………………………………………………..………….5.0 max.
Molybdenum……………………………….……...…………8.0-10.0
Niobium (plus Tantalum)………………………..………….3.15-4.15
Carbon……………………………………………..……….0.10 max.
Manganese………………………………………....……….0.50 max.
Silicon……………………………….…………...…………0.50 max.
Phosphorus……………………………………….………..0.015 max.
Sulfur…………………………………..……….…..……..0.015 max.
Aluminum…………………………………………………..0.40 max.
Titanium……………………………….……………………0.40 max.
Cobalta ……………………………………………………….1.0 max

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INCONEL® (nickel-chromium-iron) alloy 600 (UNS N06600/W.Nr. 2.4816) is a standard engineering material for applications which require resistance to corrosion and heat. The alloy also has excellent mechanical properties and presents the desirable combination of high strength and good workability. The limiting chemical composition of INCONEL alloy 600 is shown in Table 1. The high nickel content gives the alloy resistance to corrosion by many organic and inorganic compounds and also makes it virtually immune to chloride-ion stress-corrosion cracking. Chromium confers resistance to sulfur compounds and also provides resistance to oxidizing conditions at high temperatures or in corrosive solutions. The alloy is not precipitation hardenable; it is hardened and strengthened only by cold work. The versatility of INCONEL alloy 600 has led to its use in a variety of applications involving temperatures from cryogenic to above 2000°F (1095°C).

Table 1 - Limiting Chemical Composition, %
Nickel (plus Cobalt)....................................................72.0 min. Chromium..................................................................14.0-17.0
Iron ..........................................................................6.00-10.00
Carbon ......................................................................0.15 max.
Manganese ................................................................1.00 max Sulfur.......................................................................0.015 max.
Silicon .......................................................................0.50 max. Copper......................................................................0.50 max

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INCOLOY® alloy 825 (UNS N08825/W.Nr. 2.4858) is a nickel-iron-chromium alloy with additions of molybdenum, copper, and titanium. The alloy’s chemical composition, given in Table 1, is designed to provide exceptional resistance to many corrosive environments. The nickel content is sufficient for resistance to chloride-ion stress-corrosion cracking. The nickel, in conjunction with the molybdenum and copper, also gives outstanding resistance to reducing environments such as those containing sulfuric and phosphoric acids. The molybdenum also aids resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion. The alloy’s chromium content confers resistance to a variety of oxidizing substances such as nitric acid, nitrates and oxidizing salt. The titanium addition serves, with an appropriate heat treatment, to stabilize the alloy against sensitization to intergranular corrosion. The resistance of INCOLOY alloy 825 to general and localized corrosion under diverse conditions gives the alloy broad usefulness. Applications include chemical processing, pollution control, oil and gas recovery, acid production, pickling operations, nuclear fuel reprocessing, and handling of radioactive wastes. Applications for alloy 825 are similar to those for INCOLOY alloy 020. Table 1 - Limiting Chemical Composition, % of INCOLOY alloy 825
Nickel ..........................................................................38.0-46.0 Iron...............................................................................22.0 min. Chromium....................................................................19.5-23.5
Molybdenum ...................................................................2.5-3.5
Copper ............................................................................1.5-3.0 Titanium...........................................................................0.6-1.2 Carbon........................................................................0.05 max.
Manganese ...................................................................1.0 max.
Sulfur ..........................................................................0.03 max.
Silicon ...........................................................................0.5 max. Aluminum......................................................................0.2 max

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NIMONIC® alloy 263 (UNS N07263/W. Nr. 2.4650), an air melted nickel-base alloy, was developed by RollsRoyce (1971) Ltd. to provide a sheet material which could be readily fabricated and would offer improved ductility in welded assemblies to replace NIMONIC alloy 80A. It was designed as sheet material to meet specific design criteria in terms of proof stress and creep strength. It is now available in all standard forms. The welding techniques for this alloy are similar to those in common use for other age-hardenable nickelbase alloys. During salvage welding operations, a preweld heat-treatment is not necessary on age-hardened assemblies but a subsequent age-hardening treatment is desirable after all salvage welding is completed. Material will age in service if temperatures are above 750°C.

Composition, %
Carbon ........................................................................0.04-0.08
Silicon .........................................................................0.40 max.
Manganese .................................................................0.60 max.
Sulfur ........................................................................0.007 max. Silver.......................................................................0.0005 max. Aluminum....................................................................0.60 max.
Boron ........................................................................0.005 max. Bismuth...................................................................0.0001 max. Cobalt..........................................................................19.0-21.0 Chromium....................................................................19.0-21.0 Copper........................................................................0.20 max. Iron................................................................................0.7 max.
Molybdenum ...................................................................5.6-6.1 Lead........................................................................0.0020 max. Titanium...........................................................................1.9-2.4
Aluminum and titanium ...................................................2.4-2.8 Nickel............................................................................Balance*

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Sanicro 28 is widely used, for example, in hydrogen sulphide containing environments within the oil and gas industry. This is due to the material's excellent resistance to sulphide cracking in conditions characterized by high levels of hydrogen sulphide (H2S), carbon dioxide (CO2) and chlorides (Cl-). Examples of applications are production tubing (OCTG) and heat exchangers used in the processing of sour crude.

The combination of molybdenum and nickel in Sanicro 28 helps prevent cracking caused by polythionic acid attack during equipment start up and shut down. The grade is also utilized in oil refineries to reduce the effects of naphthenic acid corrosion.

Main characteristics of Sanicro 28

• Very good corrosion resistance in strong acids
• Very good resistance to stress corrosion cracking in hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and chloride containing environments
• Very good resistance to intergranular corrosion
• High resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion
• Good weldability

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Alloy 28 (Wst 1.4563)
Technical Data Sheet

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Custom 450® stainless is a martensitic age-hardenable stainless steel which exhibits very good corrosion resistance with moderate strength. Although the alloy a yield strength higher than 100 Ksi (689 MPa) in the annealed condition, it is easily fabricated. A single-step aging treatment develops higher strength with good ductility and toughness. Generally supplied in the annealed condition, requiring no heat treatment by the user for many applications. Because it has corrosion resistance like Type 304 stainless but three times the yield strength, it has been used in applications where Type 304 was not strong enough. On the other hand, it has also replaced Type 410 stainless directly on a strength basis where Type 410 had insufficient corrosion resistance. Mechanical properties will depend on the aging temperature selected. *

* Information supplied by Carpenter Technology Corp

Chemistry Typical

Carbon: 0.05 max
Manganese: 1.00 max
Phosphorus: 0.030 max
Sulfur: 0.030 max
Silicon: 1.00 max
Chromium: 14.00-16.00
Nickel: 5.00-7.00
Molybdenum: 0.50-1.00
Copper: 1.25-1.75
Columbium: 8 x Carbon min
Iron: Balance

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The INCOLOY® 800 series of alloys, invented by the Special Metals Corporation Group of Companies, is the result of years of monitoring and maintaining the ultimate chemical properties for high-temperature strength and resistance to oxidation, carburization and other types of high-temperature corrosion. Each one a refinement of the one before, these alloys have set the industry standard in hightemperature applications requiring optimum creep and rupture properties. INCOLOY nickel-iron-chromium alloy 800 was introduced to the market in the 1950s to fill the need for a heat- and corrosion-resistant alloy with a relatively low nickel content since nickel was, at the time, designated a “strategic” metal. Over the past forty years it has been widely used for its strength at high temperatures and its ability to resist oxidation, carburization, and other types of high-temperature corrosion. Applications include furnace components and equipment, petrochemical furnace cracker tubes, pigtails and headers, and sheathing for electrical heating elements.

CHEMICAL% 800 800H 800HT
Nickel 30.0-35.0 30.0-35.0 30.0-35.0
Chromium 19.0-23.0 19.0-23.0 19.0-23.0
Iron 39.5 min. 39.5 min. 39.5 min.
Carbon 0.10 max. 0.05-0.10 0.06-0.10
Aluminum 0.15-0.60 0.15-0.60 0.25-0.60
Titanium 0.15-0.60 0.15-0.60 0.25-0.60
Aluminum + Titanium 0.30-1.20 0.30-1.20 0.85-1.20

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Grade 630 stainless steels are martensitic stainless steels that are precipitation hardened to achieve excellent mechanical properties. These steel achieve high strength and hardness following heat treatment. The heat and corrosion resistance of grade 630 are similar to that of grade 304 steels. This grades is also commonly referred to as grade 17-4PH.

One of the key benefits of this grade is that it is available in solution treated conditions, at which they can be easily machined and age-hardened to attain high strength. The age treatment of grade 630 is carried out at low temperatures, to avoid significant distortion. Therefore, this grade is used for applications such as the manufacture of long shafts that do not require re-straightening after heat treatment.

Key Properties

The properties mentioned below pertain to commonly available grade 630 bar products in ASTM A564. The specifications may not be similar to other forms such as forgings and plates.

Composition

The compositional ranges of grade 630 stainless steels are displayed below:

Table 1.Composition ranges for grade 630 stainless steels

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AMS 5716 INCOLOY® alloy 330 (UNS N08330/W. Nr. 1.4886) is an austenitic alloy with good high-temperature strength and corrosion resistance. It has a solid solution composition and is not hardenable by heat treatment. Its high nickel and chromium provide good resistance to oxidation and carburization. Its oxidation resistance is enhanced by the silicon content. The alloy’s strength and oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures make it a useful material for industrial heating furnaces; for muffles, retorts, conveyor systems, baskets and boxes, and various fixtures.
Chemical Composition, %
Nickel 34.0-37.0 Chromium17.0-20.0
Iron Balance* Carbon0.08 max. Silicon0.75-1.50
Manganese 2.0 max.
Phosphorus 0.030 max.
Sulfur 0.030 max.
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Chemistry

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Alloys 254 / 254 SMO / 6 Mo is an austenitic stainless steel with a high molybdenum content. Coupled with Nickel and Copper this gives the alloy a good resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion, especially in environments containing halide ions, e.g. chloride, bromide and fluoride solutions. 254 SMO (UNS S31254) may offer a cost effective solution to Nickel and Titanium alloys in these environments. ElementsCCrFeMoMnNNiNbPSSiV Minimum19.5REMAINDER6.00.1817.5 Maximum0.0220.56.51.00.2218.50.030.010.8 SIZE 6MM TO 200MM DIA ROUND BAR. SIZE 1MM TO 100MM THICKNESS PLATE. SIZE 6MM TO 350MM OD PIPE . SIZE 0.5MM TO 6MM DIA WIRE. .AVAILABLE IN STOCK.

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Whether at room or slightly higher temperatures, Jethete M152 provides sufficient ductility and high tensile strength. Jethete M152 is a new martensitic stainless steel similar to Jethete M151, and is capable of resisting heat and corrosion.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF JETHETE M152™

• Carbon 0.15 max
• Chromium 11.0-13.0
• Nickel 2.0-3.0
• Molybdenum 1.5-2.0
• Vanadium 0.20-0.50
• Iron remainder

APPLICATIONS OF JETHETE M152™

• High-heat bolting
• Gas turbine parts

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Stainless Steel 422 (AMS 5655)
Technical Data Sheet
 

Alloy 422 is a hardenable stainless steel designed for use at temperatures of up to 1200ºF (649ºC). Alloy 422 has good resistance to scaling and oxidation. Through heat treatment, high mechanical properties can be developed. Alloy 422 is used in applications such as compressors or steam turbines and also in aircraft parts, valves, high temperature bolting etc. 

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UNS NO8904, commonly known as 904L, is a low carbon high alloy austenitic stainless steel which is widely used in applications where the corrosion properties of AISI 316L and AISI 317L are not adequate.

The addition of copper to this grade gives it corrosion resistant properties superior to the conventional chrome nickel stainless steels, in particular to sulphuric, phosphoric and acetic acids. However, there is limited use with hydrochloric acids. It also has a high resistance to pitting in chloride solutions, a high resistance to both crevice and stress corrosion cracking. Alloy 904L performs better than other austenitic stainless steels due to the higher alloying of nickel and molybdenum.

The grade is non-magnetic in all conditions and has excellent formability and weldability. The austenitic structure also gives this grade excellent toughness, even down to cryogenic temperatures.
Chemical Composition (% by weight)

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